Renal failure refers to a condition in which the kidneys are unable to perform their primary function, which is filtering waste products and excess fluids from blood. This can lead to an accumulation of toxins in the body, causing various health problems such as high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and acidosis. Renal failure can be chronic (long-term) or acute (sudden), and it may result from factors such as disease, injury, or poisoning. Treatment options for renal failure include dialysis, kidney transplantation, or supportive care to manage symptoms and complications.